Header section metadata¶
Tutorial¶
One of the primary motivations in writing lasio was to be able to reliably parse LAS header sections. This is working well for LAS 1.2 and 2.0 files, and partially for LAS 3.0 files.
Note
lasio does not require LAS files to be strictly compliant with the standards, and you should not expect lasio to raise an exception or error for files which are clearly not conforming to the standards. The goal of lasio is to parse metadata and data quietly, not to fail unnecessarily.
>>> import lasio.examples
>>> las = lasio.examples.open('6038187_v1.2_short.las')
The header sections are stored in the dictionary las.sections:
>>> type(las.sections)
dict
>>> las.sections.keys()
dict_keys(['Version', 'Well', 'Curves', 'Parameter', 'Other'])
These are special names reserved for LAS 1.2 and 2.0 files, as defined by the standard. Non-standard header sections are also allowed but not fully parsed.
| LAS file | Read in as | References in LASFile |
|---|---|---|
~v or ~V |
lasio.SectionItems |
LASFile.version and LASFile.sections['Version'] |
~w or ~W |
lasio.SectionItems |
LASFile.well and LASFile.sections['Well'] |
~c or ~C |
lasio.SectionItems |
LASFile.curves and LASFile.sections['Curves'] |
~p or ~P |
lasio.SectionItems |
LASFile.params and LASFile.sections['Parameter'] |
~o or ~O |
str |
LASFile.other and LASFile.sections['Other'] |
~extra section |
str |
LASFile.sections['extra section'] |
~a or ~A |
numpy.ndarray |
LASFile.data or each column is in LASFile.curves[...].data |
For example:
>>> las.sections['Version']
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="VERS", unit="", value="2.0", descr="CWLS LOG ASCII STANDA"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WRAP", unit="", value="NO", descr="ONE LINE PER DEPTH STE")]
>>> las.version
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="VERS", unit="", value="2.0", descr="CWLS LOG ASCII STANDA"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WRAP", unit="", value="NO", descr="ONE LINE PER DEPTH STE")]
Sections themselves are represented by lasio.SectionItems
objects. This is a list which has been extended to allow you to access the
items within by their mnemonic:
>>> las.version.VERS
HeaderItem(mnemonic="VERS", unit="", value="2.0", descr="CWLS LOG ASCII STANDA")
>>> las.version['VERS']
HeaderItem(mnemonic="VERS", unit="", value="2.0", descr="CWLS LOG ASCII STANDA")
>>> las.version[0]
HeaderItem(mnemonic="VERS", unit="", value="2.0", descr="CWLS LOG ASCII STANDA")
As you can see, either attribute-style or item-style access is fine.
Let’s take a look at the next special section, ~W:
>>> las.well
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="STRT", unit="M", value="0.05", descr="FIRST INDEX VALUE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STOP", unit="M", value="136.6", descr="LAST INDEX VALUE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STEP", unit="M", value="0.05", descr="STEP"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="NULL", unit="", value="-99999", descr="NULL VALUE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="COMP", unit="", value="", descr="COMP"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WELL", unit="", value="Scorpio E1", descr="WELL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="FLD", unit="", value="", descr=""),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="LOC", unit="", value="Mt Eba", descr="LOC"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="SRVC", unit="", value="", descr=""),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CTRY", unit="", value="", descr=""),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STAT", unit="", value="SA", descr="STAT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CNTY", unit="", value="", descr=""),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="DATE", unit="", value="15/03/2015", descr="DATE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="UWI", unit="", value="6038-187", descr="WUNT")]
The CTRY item is blank. We will set it:
>>> las.well.CTRY = 'Australia'
>>> las.well.CTRY
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CTRY", unit="", value="Australia", descr="")
Notice that lasio.SectionItems plays a little trick here. It actually
sets the header_item.value attribute, instead of replacing the entire
lasio.HeaderItem object.
You can set any of the attributes directly. Let’s take an example from the ~C section:
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="CALI", unit="MM", value="", descr="CALI", original_mnemonic="CALI", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DFAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DFAR", original_mnemonic="DFAR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DNEAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DNEAR", original_mnemonic="DNEAR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="GAMN", unit="GAPI", value="", descr="GAMN", original_mnemonic="GAMN", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NEUT", unit="CPS", value="", descr="NEUT", original_mnemonic="NEUT", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="PR", unit="OHM/M", value="", descr="PR", original_mnemonic="PR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SP", unit="MV", value="", descr="SP", original_mnemonic="SP", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="COND", unit="MS/M", value="", descr="COND", original_mnemonic="COND", data.shape=(121,))]
>>> las.curves.PR.unit = 'ohmm'
>>> las.curves.PR
CurveItem(mnemonic="PR", unit="ohmm", value="", descr="PR", original_mnemonic="PR", data.shape=(121,))
Now let’s look more closely at how to manipulate and add or remove items from a section.
In [195]: las.params
Out[195]:
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="BS", unit="", value="216 mm", descr="BS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="JOBN", unit="", value="", descr="JOBN"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WPMT", unit="", value="", descr="WPMT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="AGL", unit="", value="", descr="AGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PURP", unit="", value="Cased hole stratigraphy", descr="P"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="X", unit="", value="560160", descr="X"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGL", unit="", value="0 m - 135 m", descr="CSGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="UNIT", unit="", value="", descr="UNIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="Y", unit="", value="6686430", descr="Y"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDL", unit="", value="135.2 m", descr="TDL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROD", unit="", value="", descr="PROD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="MUD", unit="", value="Water", descr="MUD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGS", unit="", value="100 mm", descr="CSGS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ENG", unit="", value="", descr="ENG"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STEP", unit="", value="5 cm", descr="STEP"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="FLUIDLEVEL", unit="", value="54 m", descr="FluidLevel"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGT", unit="", value="PVC", descr="CSGT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WIT", unit="", value="", descr="WIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="EREF", unit="", value="", descr="EREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROJ", unit="", value="", descr="PROJ"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ZONE", unit="", value="53J", descr="ZONE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="DREF", unit="", value="GL", descr="DREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDD", unit="", value="136 m", descr="TDD")]
We want to rename the DREF mnemonic as LMF. We can do so by changing the
header_item.mnemonic attribute.
>>> las.params.DREF.mnemonic = 'LMF'
>>> las.params
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="BS", unit="", value="216 mm", descr="BS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="JOBN", unit="", value="", descr="JOBN"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WPMT", unit="", value="", descr="WPMT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="AGL", unit="", value="", descr="AGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PURP", unit="", value="Cased hole stratigraphy", descr="P"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="X", unit="", value="560160", descr="X"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGL", unit="", value="0 m - 135 m", descr="CSGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="UNIT", unit="", value="", descr="UNIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="Y", unit="", value="6686430", descr="Y"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDL", unit="", value="135.2 m", descr="TDL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROD", unit="", value="", descr="PROD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="MUD", unit="", value="Water", descr="MUD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGS", unit="", value="100 mm", descr="CSGS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ENG", unit="", value="", descr="ENG"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STEP", unit="", value="5 cm", descr="STEP"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="FLUIDLEVEL", unit="", value="54 m", descr="FluidLevel"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGT", unit="", value="PVC", descr="CSGT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WIT", unit="", value="", descr="WIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="EREF", unit="", value="", descr="EREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROJ", unit="", value="", descr="PROJ"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ZONE", unit="", value="53J", descr="ZONE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="LMF", unit="", value="GL", descr="DREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDD", unit="", value="136 m", descr="TDD")]
And now we need to add a new mnemonic.
>>> las.params.DRILL = lasio.HeaderItem(mnemonic='DRILL', value='John Smith', descr='Driller on site')
>>> las.params
[HeaderItem(mnemonic="BS", unit="", value="216 mm", descr="BS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="JOBN", unit="", value="", descr="JOBN"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WPMT", unit="", value="", descr="WPMT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="AGL", unit="", value="", descr="AGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PURP", unit="", value="Cased hole stratigraphy", descr="P"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="X", unit="", value="560160", descr="X"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGL", unit="", value="0 m - 135 m", descr="CSGL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="UNIT", unit="", value="", descr="UNIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="Y", unit="", value="6686430", descr="Y"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDL", unit="", value="135.2 m", descr="TDL"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROD", unit="", value="", descr="PROD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="MUD", unit="", value="Water", descr="MUD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGS", unit="", value="100 mm", descr="CSGS"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ENG", unit="", value="", descr="ENG"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="STEP", unit="", value="5 cm", descr="STEP"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="FLUIDLEVEL", unit="", value="54 m", descr="FluidLevel"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="CSGT", unit="", value="PVC", descr="CSGT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="WIT", unit="", value="", descr="WIT"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="EREF", unit="", value="", descr="EREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="PROJ", unit="", value="", descr="PROJ"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="ZONE", unit="", value="53J", descr="ZONE"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="LMF", unit="", value="GL", descr="DREF"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="TDD", unit="", value="136 m", descr="TDD"),
HeaderItem(mnemonic="DRILL", unit="", value="John Smith", descr="Driller on si")]
Bingo.
What if we want to delete or remove an item? You can delete items the same way you would remove an item from a dictionary. Let’s remove the item we just added (DRILL):
>>> del las.well["DRILL"]
There are methods intended for removing curves. Say you want to remove the PR curve:
>>> las.delete_curve("PR")
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="CALI", unit="MM", value="", descr="CALI", original_mnemonic="CALI", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DFAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DFAR", original_mnemonic="DFAR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DNEAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DNEAR", original_mnemonic="DNEAR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="GAMN", unit="GAPI", value="", descr="GAMN", original_mnemonic="GAMN", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NEUT", unit="CPS", value="", descr="NEUT", original_mnemonic="NEUT", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SP", unit="MV", value="", descr="SP", original_mnemonic="SP", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="COND", unit="MS/M", value="", descr="COND", original_mnemonic="COND", data.shape=(121,))]
Warning
Common mistake!
A common job is to iterate through the curves and remove all but a few that you are interested in. When doing this, be careful to iterate over a copy of the curves section. See example below.
>>> keep_curves = ['DEPT', 'DFAR', 'DNEAR']
>>> for curve in las.curves[:]:
... if curve.mnemonic not in keep_curves:
... las.delete_curve(curve.mnemonic)
...
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DFAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DFAR", original_mnemonic="DFAR", data.shape=(121,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DNEAR", unit="G/CM3", value="", descr="DNEAR", original_mnemonic="DNEAR", data.shape=(121,))]
Handling special cases of header lines¶
lasio will do its best to read every line from the header section. Some examples follow for unusual formattings:
Comment lines mixed with header lines¶
lasio will, by default, treat header lines starting with a “#” hash string as a comment line and ignore it. Spaces before the “#” are stripped off before checking for the “#”.
To modify which strings indicate comment lines to ignore pass an
ignore_comments tuple to lasio.read() or lasio.examples.open().
- Example:
lasio.read(file, ignore_comments=("#", "%MyComment")
Lines without periods¶
For example take these lines from a LAS file header section:
DRILLED :12/11/2010
PERM DAT :1
TIME :14:00:32
HOLE DIA :85.7
These lines are missing periods between the mnemonic and colon, e.g. a properly
formatted version would be DRILLED. :12/11/2010.
However, lasio will parse them silently, and correctly, e.g. for the last
line the mnemonic will be HOLE DIA and the value will be 85.7, with the
description blank.
Lines with colons in the mnemonic and description¶
Colons are used as a delimiter, but colons can also occur inside the unit, value, and description fields in a LAS file header. Take this line as an example:
TIML.hh:mm 23:15 23-JAN-2001: Time Logger: At Bottom
lasio will parse this correctly such that the unit is hh:mm, the value is
23:15 21-JAN-2001, and the description is Time Logger: At Bottom.
Units containing periods¶
Similarly, periods are used as delimiters, but can also occur as part of the
unit field’s value, such as in the case of a unit of tenths of an inch (.1IN):
TDEP ..1IN : 0.1-in
lasio will parse the mnemonic as TDEP and the unit as .1IN.
If there are two adjoining periods, the same behaviour applies:
TDEP..1IN : 0.1-in
lasio parses this line as having mnemonic TDEP and unit .1IN.
Special case for units which contain spaces¶
Normally, any whitespace following the unit in a LAS header line delimits
the unit from the value. lasio has a special exception for units which may
appear with a space. Currently the only one recognised is 1000 lbf:
HKLA .1000 lbf :(RT)
This is parsed as mnemonic HKLA, unit 1000 lbf, and value blank, contrary
to the usual behaviour which would result in unit 1000 and value lbf.
Please raise a GitHub issue for any other units which should be handled in this way.
Mnemonics which contain a period¶
As with other LAS file parsers, lasio does not parse mnemonics which contain a period - instead, anything after the period will be parsed as the unit:
SP.COND .US/M : EC at 25 deg C
results in mnemonic SP, unit COND, and value .US/CM.
Warning
These files are non-conforming, and difficult to anticipate.
Handling errors silently (ignore_header_errors=True)¶
Sometimes lasio cannot make sense of a header line at all. For example:
API . : API Number (required if CTRY = US)
"# Surface Coords: 1,000' FNL & 2,000' FWL"
LATI .DEG : Latitude - see Surface Coords comment above
LONG .DEG : Longitude - see Surface Coords comment above
The line with " causes an exception to be raised by default.
Another example is this ~Param section in a LAS file:
~PARAMETER INFORMATION
DEPTH DT RHOB NPHI SFLU SFLA ILM ILD
This isn’t a header line, and cannot be parsed as such. It results in a
LASHeaderError exception being raised:
>>> las = lasio.examples.open('dodgy_param_sect.las', ignore_header_errors=False)
Unable to parse line as LAS header: DEPTH DT RHOB NPHI SFLU SFLA ILM ILD
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\reader.py", line 525, in parse_header_section
values = read_line(line, section_name=parser.section_name2)
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\reader.py", line 711, in read_line
return read_header_line(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\reader.py", line 780, in read_header_line
mdict = m.groupdict()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'groupdict'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\examples.py", line 46, in open
return open_local_example(filename, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\examples.py", line 106, in open_local_example
return LASFile(os.path.join(examples_path, *filename.split("/")), **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\las.py", line 84, in __init__
self.read(file_ref, **read_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\las.py", line 222, in read
mnemonic_case=mnemonic_case,
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\las.py", line 142, in add_section
raw_section, **sect_kws
File "C:\Users\kinve\code\lasio\lasio\reader.py", line 536, in parse_header_section
raise exceptions.LASHeaderError(message)
lasio.exceptions.LASHeaderError: line 31 (section ~PARAMETER INFORMATION): "DEPTH DT RHOB NPHI SFLU SFLA ILM ILD"
However, these can be converted from LASHeaderError exceptions into
logger.warning() calls instead by using
lasio.read(..., ignore_header_errors=True):
>>> las = lasio.examples.open('dodgy_param_sect.las', ignore_header_errors=True)
Unable to parse line as LAS header: DEPTH DT RHOB NPHI SFLU SFLA ILM ILD
line 31 (section ~PARAMETER INFORMATION): "DEPTH DT RHOB NPHI SFLU SFLA ILM ILD"
Only a warning is issued, and the rest of the LAS file loads OK:
>>> las.params
[]
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="1 DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DT", unit="US/M", value="", descr="2 SONIC TRANSIT TIME", original_mnemonic="DT", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RHOB", unit="K/M3", value="", descr="3 BULK DENSITY", original_mnemonic="RHOB", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NPHI", unit="V/V", value="", descr="4 NEUTRON POROSITY", original_mnemonic="NPHI", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="5 RXO RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLA", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLA", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="ILM", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="ILM", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="ILD", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="8 DEEP RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="ILD", data.shape=(3,))
]
If you are dealing with “messy” LAS data, it might be good to consider using
ignore_header_errors=True.
Handling duplicate mnemonics¶
Take this LAS file as an example, containing this ~C section:
~CURVE INFORMATION
DEPT.M : 1 DEPTH
DT .US/M : 2 SONIC TRANSIT TIME
RHOB.K/M3 : 3 BULK DENSITY
NPHI.V/V : 4 NEUTRON POROSITY
RXO.OHMM : 5 RXO RESISTIVITY
RES.OHMM : 6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY
RES.OHMM : 7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY
RES.OHMM : 8 DEEP RESISTIVITY
Notice there are three curves with the mnemonic RES. When we load the file in,
lasio distinguishes between these duplicates by appending :1, :2, and
so on, to the duplicated mnemonic:
>>> las = lasio.read('tests/examples/mnemonic_duplicate2.las')
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="1 DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="DT", unit="US/M", value="", descr="2 SONIC TRANSIT TIME", original_mnemonic="DT", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RHOB", unit="K/M3", value="", descr="3 BULK DENSITY", original_mnemonic="RHOB", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NPHI", unit="V/V", value="", descr="4 NEUTRON POROSITY", original_mnemonic="NPHI", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RXO", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="5 RXO RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="RXO", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RES:1", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="RES", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RES:2", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="RES", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="RES:3", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="8 DEEP RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="RES", data.shape=(3,))
]
>>> las.curves['RES:2']
CurveItem(mnemonic="RES:2", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="RES", data.shape=(3,))
It remembers the original mnemonic, so when you write the file back out, they come back:
>>> from sys import stdout
>>> las.write(stdout)
~Version ---------------------------------------------------
VERS. 1.2 : CWLS LOG ASCII STANDARD - VERSION 1.2
WRAP. NO : ONE LINE PER DEPTH STEP
~Well ------------------------------------------------------
STRT.M 1670.0 :
STOP.M 1669.75 :
STEP.M -0.125 :
NULL. -999.25 :
COMP. COMPANY : # ANY OIL COMPANY LTD.
WELL. WELL : ANY ET AL OIL WELL #12
FLD . FIELD : EDAM
LOC . LOCATION : A9-16-49-20W3M
PROV. PROVINCE : SASKATCHEWAN
SRVC. SERVICE COMPANY : ANY LOGGING COMPANY LTD.
DATE. LOG DATE : 25-DEC-1988
UWI . UNIQUE WELL ID : 100091604920W300
~Curves ----------------------------------------------------
DEPT.M : 1 DEPTH
DT .US/M : 2 SONIC TRANSIT TIME
RHOB.K/M3 : 3 BULK DENSITY
NPHI.V/V : 4 NEUTRON POROSITY
RXO .OHMM : 5 RXO RESISTIVITY
RES .OHMM : 6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY
RES .OHMM : 7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY
RES .OHMM : 8 DEEP RESISTIVITY
~Params ----------------------------------------------------
BHT .DEGC 35.5 : BOTTOM HOLE TEMPERATURE
BS .MM 200.0 : BIT SIZE
FD .K/M3 1000.0 : FLUID DENSITY
MATR. 0.0 : NEUTRON MATRIX(0=LIME,1=SAND,2=DOLO)
MDEN. 2710.0 : LOGGING MATRIX DENSITY
RMF .OHMM 0.216 : MUD FILTRATE RESISTIVITY
DFD .K/M3 1525.0 : DRILL FLUID DENSITY
~Other -----------------------------------------------------
Note: The logging tools became stuck at 625 meters causing the data
between 625 meters and 615 meters to be invalid.
~ASCII -----------------------------------------------------
1670 123.45 2550 0.45 123.45 123.45 110.2 105.6
1669.9 123.45 2550 0.45 123.45 123.45 110.2 105.6
1669.8 123.45 2550 0.45 123.45 123.45 110.2 105.6
Normalising mnemonic case¶
If there is a mix of upper and lower case characters in the mnemonics, by default lasio will convert all mnemonics to uppercase to avoid problems with producing the :1, :2, :3, and so on. There is a keyword argument which will preserve the original formatting if that is what you prefer.
>>> las = lasio.read('tests/examples/mnemonic_case.las')
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="DEPT", unit="M", value="", descr="1 DEPTH", original_mnemonic="DEPT", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:1", unit="K/M3", value="", descr="3 BULK DENSITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NPHI", unit="V/V", value="", descr="4 NEUTRON POROSITY", original_mnemonic="NPHI", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:2", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="5 RXO RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:3", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:4", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:5", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="8 DEEP RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,))
]
>>> las = lasio.read('tests/examples/mnemonic_case.las', mnemonic_case='preserve')
>>> las.curves
[CurveItem(mnemonic="Dept", unit="M", value="", descr="1 DEPTH", original_mnemonic="Dept", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="Sflu", unit="K/M3", value="", descr="3 BULK DENSITY", original_mnemonic="Sflu", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="NPHI", unit="V/V", value="", descr="4 NEUTRON POROSITY", original_mnemonic="NPHI", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:1", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="5 RXO RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SFLU:2", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="6 SHALLOW RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SFLU", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="sflu", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="7 MEDIUM RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="sflu", data.shape=(3,)),
CurveItem(mnemonic="SfLu", unit="OHMM", value="", descr="8 DEEP RESISTIVITY", original_mnemonic="SfLu", data.shape=(3,))
]